UMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo

Umnyhadala weNtwasahlobo ngowona mnyhadala ubalulekileyo wabantu baseTshayina kunye noluntu lwaseTshayina lwehlabathi. Nantsi inkcazo eneenkcukacha zoMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo:

I. Imvelaphi yeMbali kunye ne-Evolution

• UMthendeleko waseNtwasahlobo wavela kwisiko lamandulo lokuthandazela isivuno esihle ekuqaleni konyaka. Ngumthendeleko odibanisa izinto zokuphelisa endala kunye nokwamkela amatsha, ukunqula izinyanya, ukuthandazela amathamsanqa kunye nokuphepha okubi, ukuhlanganisana kweentsapho, imibhiyozo, ukuzonwabisa kunye nokutya.
• Ngexesha lophuhliso lwembali kunye nendaleko, ngenxa yotshintsho kwimihlaba kunye neekhalenda, umhla wonyaka omtsha wahluka. Noko ke, kunyaka wokuqala wokulawula kukaMlawuli uWu weXesha likaTaichu (104 BC), izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zaqulunqa “iKhalenda yeTaichu,” ibeka usuku lokuqala lwenyanga yokuqala njengesiqalo sonyaka. Ukususela ngoko, ngaphezu kweminyaka engamawaka amabini, nangona abalawuli abambalwa bezama ukutshintsha ikhalenda nokuqala konyaka, ikhalenda yelanga ibisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
• Ngexesha le-Eastern Han Dynasty, kwakukho iirekhodi ezibhaliweyo zemibingelelo ekuqaleni konyaka. Ngexesha le-Wei kunye ne-Jin dynasties, iirekhodi ezibhaliweyo zesiko lokuhlala kude kube ngu-Eva woNyaka oMtsha zavela. Ukusuka kwi-Tang kunye neNgoma yobukhosi ukuya kwi-Ming kunye ne-Qing dynasties, amasiko e-Spring Festival ngokuthe ngcembe atyeba. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha le-Tang Dynasty, "amakhadi okubulisa oNyaka oMtsha" avela, kwaye ngexesha leNgoma yeNgoma, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa iityhubhu zephepha kunye nezikhondo ze-hemp ezizaliswe yi-fireworks ukwenza "iintambo zomlilo" (oko kukuthi, i-firecrackers). Ngexesha le-Ming Dynasty, ukufumana i-Kitchen uThixo, ukuthumela oothixo bomnyango, ukuhlala kude kube ngu-Eva woNyaka omtsha, kunye nokunandipha imithendeleko yesibane ngosuku lweshumi elinesihlanu lwenyanga yokuqala yenyanga yayisele ixhaphake. Ngexesha le-Qing Dynasty, imibhiyozo yenkundla yomkhosi wonyaka omtsha yayinobunewunewu kakhulu, kwaye umlawuli wayenesiko lokubhala abalinganiswa "Fu" aze ababonise kumagosa akhe.
• Emva kokusekwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaseTshayina, ukuze "kulandele ikhalenda yezolimo kunye nokuququzelela izibalo," kwagqitywa ukuba kusetyenziswe ikhalenda kaGregory, kwaye i-1 kaJanuwari yekhalenda kaGregory yabizwa ngokuba "yiSuku loNyaka oMtsha." Ukuqala ngo-1914, "usuku loNyaka oMtsha" lwendabuko lwabizwa ngokuba yi "Spring Festival."

II. Intsingiselo yoMthendeleko

• Ukuqhubela phambili kweMbali kunye neSiko: Umnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo uphawula ukuqala konyaka omtsha, kwaye abantu bayawubhiyozela ukukhumbula imbali kunye nelifa kunye nokukhuthaza inkcubeko yemveli ebalaseleyo yesizwe samaTshayina.
• Ukudityaniswa koSapho kunye nokufudumala: UMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo lelona xesha libalulekileyo lokudityaniswa kosapho unyaka wonke. Nokuba baphi na, abantu baya kuzama konke okusemandleni abo ukubuyela ekhaya kwaye bachithe iholide kunye neentsapho zabo. Le meko yokumanyana kwakhona iyenza ibe nzulu iqhina phakathi kwamalungu entsapho ize ikhulise ukuzazi kwawo nokuba ngowentsapho.
• Iintsikelelo Namathemba Amatsha: Ngesihlandlo sokuthi ndlela-ntle kwabakhulileyo nokungeniswa komtsha, abantu baya kwenza imibingelelo eyahlukahlukeneyo nemisebenzi yentsikelelo, bethandazela uxolo, impilo, nokuthomalalisa kunyaka omtsha. Umnyhadala weNtwasahlobo ukwasisiqalo esitsha, esizisa abantu amathuba angenamkhawulo kunye nethemba.
• Utshintshiselwano lwezeNkcubeko kunye noSasazo: Ngophuhliso lwehlabathi jikelele, uMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo awubanga ngumnyhadala waseTshayina kuphela kodwa ube yinto yenkcubeko yehlabathi. Ngexesha loMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo minyaka le, kwenziwa imibhiyozo eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele, ibonisa umtsalane wenkcubeko yamaTshayina kunye nokukhuthaza utshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kweTshayina namazwe angaphandle.
• UkuPhumelela koQoqosho kunye nokuKhuthazwa: Ngexesha loMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo minyaka le, imfuno yokusetyenziswa kwabantu inyuka kakhulu, iqhuba ukuchuma nophuhliso lwamashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nokwenza uqoqosho olukhethekileyo "lweSpring Festival."

III. Izithethe zoMthendeleko

• Ukunikezela imibingelelo kuThixo waseKitchen: Eyaziwa nangokuthi "uNyaka omtsha," kwenzeka ngomhla wama-23 okanye wama-24 kwinyanga ye-12. Abantu baya kubeka iilekese, amanzi acocekileyo, iimbotyi, kunye neminye iminikelo phambi Kitchen umfanekiso kaThixo kunye ukunyibilikisa guandong candy kwaye uyisebenzise Kitchen emlonyeni kaThixo, ngethemba lokuba uya kuthetha kakuhle xa ingxelo Jade uMlawuli ezulwini kwaye asikelele usapho olunoxolo.
• Ukutshayela uthuli: Intetho ithi, "Ngomhla we-24 wenyanga ye-12, tshayela indlu." Iintsapho ziya kucoca indawo ezingqongileyo, zihlambe izitya, kwaye zikhulule kwaye zihlambe iibhedi, iikhethini, njl., ezibonisa "ukususa endala kunye nokuzisa entsha" kunye nokutshayela amashwa kunye nentlupheko.
• Ukulungiselela Impahla Yonyaka Omtsha: Ukususela ngomhla wama-25 kwinyanga ye-12, abantu baya kuthenga izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo kunyaka omtsha ukulungiselela ukutya, ukuzonwabisa kunye nokuhombisa ngexesha loMthendeleko waseNtwasahlobo.
• Ukuthumela i-Spring Festival Couplets kunye ne-Door Gods: Abantu baya kukhetha ngononophelo i-couplets ebomvu yoMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo ukuze banamathisele kwiingcango zabo, besongeza umoya wokuzonwabisa kumthendeleko. Kwangaxeshanye, oothixo ababini beminyango, abanjengoShen Tu noYu Lei, uQin Shubao noYu Chigong, baya kuncanyathiselwa kwisango elikhulu ukuze bagxothe imimoya engendawo baze bazise uxolo nokhuseleko unyaka wonke.
• Isidlo sangokuhlwa soNyaka oMtsha: Ekwabizwa ngokuba sisidlo sokuhlangana kwakhona, sisidlo ngo-Eva woNyaka oMtsha. Intsapho yonke ihlanganisana kunye kwisidlo sakusihlwa, esibonisa ukuhlangana kwakhona, ulonwabo, kunye nolindelo oluhle lonyaka ozayo.
• Ukuhlala emva kwexesha ngo-Eva woNyaka oMtsha: Ngobusuku bobusuku boNyaka oMtsha, intsapho yonke ihlanganisana kunye ukuze ihlale ubusuku bonke, ilindele umzuzu wokuvalelisa kumdala kwaye ungenise entsha, ebonisa ukugxotha yonke imimoya engendawo kwaye izifo kwaye silindele unyaka omtsha olungileyo kunye nolonwabo.
• Ukunika Imali Yonyaka Omtsha: Abadala baya kunika izizukulwana eziselula imali, ekuthiwa ziyakwazi kwimimoya emdaka kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba isizukulwana esiselula sinonyaka okhuselekileyo nogudileyo.
• Ukubulisa uNyaka oMtsha: Abantu bavuka ekuseni, banxibe iimpahla ezintsha, baqhumise iziqhumiso, banqule izulu nomhlaba, kunye nezinyanya, bandule ke babulise amadoda amakhulu ngokulandelelana kwawo. Emva koko, izalamane kunye nabahlobo besizwe esifanayo baya kuvuyisana nabo. Ukongezelela, iintombi ezitshatileyo ziya kubabuyisela abayeni nabantwana babo kwikhaya labazali babo ukuze batyelele, ngokuqhelekileyo elibizwa ngokuba “luSuku Lokwamkela Umkhwenyana.”

Ukongeza, kukho izithethe nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enjengokumisa iziqhushumbisi ekuqaleni konyaka omtsha, ukuxela ithamsanqa, ukuqokelela ubutyebi, ukwamkela uThixo wobutyebi, ukugxotha ubuhlwempu, imidaniso yenamba nengonyama, nokutya iibhola zerayisi ezityebileyo. La masiko kunye nezinto ezenziwayo azityebisi kuphela inkcubeko yoMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo kodwa zikwaphucula umoya wolonwabo lomnyhadala. Asiyonxalenye ebalulekileyo kuphela yenkcubeko yemveli ebalaseleyo yesizwe samaTshayina kodwa ikwalixesha elibalulekileyo lokuba abantu babeke amathemba abo, banandiphe ukudibana kwakhona, kwaye bathandazele unyaka omtsha.